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答案来源：（www.daydayup731.com）阅读（II）-[北京语言大学]22春《阅读（II）》作业1
试卷总分:100 得分:100
第1题,MostAmericansthinkthaticecreamisasAmericanasbaseballandapplepieButicecreamwasknownlongbeforeAmericanwasdiscoveredTheRomanemperorNeromayhavemadeakingoficecreamHehiredhundredsofmentobringsnowandicefromthemountainsHeusedittomakecolddrinksTravelerMarcoPolobroughtbackrecipesforchilledandfrozenmilkfromChinaHundredsofyearslatericecreamreachedEnglandItissaidthatKingCharlesIenjoyedthattreatverymuchThereisastorythathebribedhiscooktokeeptherecipeforicecreamaroyalsecretTodayicecreamisknownthroughouttheworldAmericansaloneeatmorethantwobillionquartsayear问题MarcoPoloisknownas
A、a Roman emperor
B、the inventor of ice cream
C、a royal cook
D、a traveler to China
正确答案:
第2题,TheinventorofspectaclesprobablylivedinthetownofParisItalyaround1286andwasalmostcertainlyacraftsmanworkinginglassButnobodyknowshisnameWeonlyknowthismuchabouthimbecauseFriarGiordanepreachedasermononeWednesdaymorninginFebruary1306atachurchinFlorence"It＇snotyet20yearssincetherewasfoundtheartofmakingeyeglasseswhichmakeforgoodvision"saidtheFriar"OneofthebestartsandmostnecessarythattheworldhasSoshortatimeisitsincetherewasinventedanewartthatneverexistedIhaveseenthemanwhofirstinventedandcreateditandIhavetalkedtohim"WeknowwhatFriarGiordanesaidbecauseadmirerscopiedhissermonsdownashegavethemTheinventorofspectaclesapparentlykeptthemethodofmakingthemtohimselfPerhapshethoughtthiswasthebestwayofgettingmoneyfromhisinventionButtheideasoongotaroundAsearlyas1300craftsmeninVenicethecentreofEurope＇sglassindustryweremakingthenew"disksfortheeyes"SpectaclesatfirstwereonlyshapedforfarsightedpeopleConcavelensesforshortsightedpeoplewerenotdevelopeduntilthelate15thcenturySpectaclesallowedpeopletogoonreadingandstudyinglongafterbadeyesightwouldnormallyhaveforcedthemtogiveupTheywerelikeanewpairofeyesTheinventorofsuchavaluablethingshouldbehonoredeveryonethoughtButforcenturiesnoonehadanyideawhotheinventorreallywasSoallkindsofcandidateswereputforwardDutchEnglishGermanItaliansfromrivalcitiesAfakememorialwaserectedlastcenturyinachurchinFlorencetohonoramanasthetrueinventorofspectaclesbutheneverevenexisted问题Thefirstrecordofthespectaclesistobefoundin
A、newspapers
B、church sermons
C、trade reports
D、praises of Jordan
正确答案:
第3题,Hemingwaywasbornin1899inOakParkIllinoisaprosperoussuburbofChicagoHisfatheraphysicianwasanenthusiastichunterandfishemanwhotaughthissontohandlearodandagunHemingway'srespectfortheseskillsandhisloveoftheopenairrunthroughhiswritingHehastiredtocapturethepointofviewactionsfeelingsandspeechofmenwhoexcelintheactivitiesheadmiresInschoolHemingwaywasagoodstudentwithawiderangeofinterestsbeyondtheclassroomHewasknownasaboxerafootballplayeramemberoftheswimmingteamandmanagerofthetrackteamFor3yearsheplayedintheschoolorchestraButmuchofhisactivitywasconnectedwithwordswhichweretobehislifelongpreoccupationFirstasreporterthenaseditorhegainedexperienceontheschoolpapertowhichhecontributedarticlesandstoriesWhenHemingwaygraduatedfromhighschoolin1917WorldWarIwasstillbeingfoughtAfterafewmonthsasareporterontheKansasCityStarhesailedforEuropeinMay1918asavolunteerambulancedriverandlatertransferredtotheItalianinfantryTwoweeksbeforehis19thbirthdayalegwoundbroughthimclosetodeathWaranddeathhavebeenrecurrentthemesinHemingway'swritingOfwarhehassaid"IthoughtaboutTolstoiandaboutwhatagreatadvantageanexperienceofwarwastoawriterItwasoneofthemajorsubjectsandcertainlyoneofthehardesttowritetrulyof"问题AccordingtoparagraphoneHemingwaylearnedfromhisfatherallofthefollowingexcept
A、fishing
B、hunting
C、writing
D、love of the open air
正确答案:
第4题,TwobasicmodelsofparentalinfluenceemergefromallthiscompetitionandvarietyhoweverOnelooselybasedonFreudianideashaspresentedanimageofthevulnerablechildchildrenaresensitivebeingseasilydamagednotonlybytraumaticeventsandemotionalstressbutalsobyoverdosesofaffectionThe2ndmodelisthatofthebehavioristswhoseintellectualancestorstheempiricistphilosophersdescribedthechild'smindasatabularasaorblankslateThebehavioristmodelofchildrearingisbasedontheviewthatthechildismalleableandparentsarethereforecastintheroleofPygmalionswhocanshapetheirchildrenhowevertheywish"Givemeadozenhealthyinfantswellformedandmyownspecifiedworldtobringthemupin"wroteJBWatsonthefatherofmodernbehaviorism"andI'llguaranteetotakeanyoneatrandomandtrainhimtobeanytypeofspecialistImightdoctorlawyerartistmerchantchiefandyesevenbeggarmanandthief"Theimageofthevulnerablechildcallsforgentleparentswhoaresensitivetotheirchild'sinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsinordertoprotecthimfromtraumaTheimageofthemalleablechildrequiresstemparentswhocoollyfollowthedictatesoftheirownexplicittrainingproceduresonlytheearlyeradicationofbadhabitsineatingsleepingcryingcanfendoffpermanentmaladjustments问题Agoodtitlefortheabovepassageis
A、Two Models of Parenting
B、Two child images
C、The role of Pygmalions
D、J.B.Watson and his modern behaviorism
正确答案:
答案来源：（www.daydayup731.com）,Youdon＇thavetosetupafoundationorspendhoursraisingmoneytohelptheenvironmentJoeyGordonLevitt16doeshispartbysimplycollectinghisnewspapersplasticandcansandhavethemrecycled"Everyoneshouldrecycle"theteenstarsaysSingerandactorBetterMidlergoesastepfurtherShepicksupotherpeople＇sgarbageForexampleMidlerhashelpedremovetruckloadsoftrashfromFortTryonParkinNewYorkCitySuchsimpleeffortsattrashcollectionandreductionarecatchingonLastyeartheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencycounted7500recyclingprogramsintheUSThat＇supfromjust1000programsin1988Almosthalfofthecountry＇spopulationnowlivesintownsandcitieswithcurbsiderecyclingSowe＇reontherighttracktoreducingtrashButwestillhavealongwaytogoIn1994about40%ofpaperproductsandplasticsodabottlesproducedinthiscountrywererecycledButonly2%offoodpackagingwasrecoveredWealsohavetoworkoncreatingmoredemandforrecycledmaterialYoucanhelpbycheckinglabelsandbuyingproductsmadefromrecoveredpaperplasticandmetalRecyclingsavesresourceslikewaterandtreesandcutsdownonairpollutionSowhatareyouwaitingforGettoworktakingcareofour"rock""Ifwedon＇twe＇llallhavetomovetoMars"saysGordonLevitt"Theonlyproblemisthatwedon＇tknowhowtodothatyet"问题Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatyoutohelptheenvironment
A、set-up a fund
B、raise money
C、recycle trash
D、move to Mars
正确答案:
第6题,Forafewminuteshetappedtheswitchaftereachflash
A、touched
B、painted
C、pressed
D、snapped
正确答案:
第7题,YoudonthavetosetupafoundationorspendhoursraisingmoneytohelptheenvironmentJoeyGordonLevitt16doeshispartbysimplycollectinghisnewspapersplasticandcansandhavethemrecycled"Everyoneshouldrecycle"theteenstarsaysSingerandactorBetterMidlergoesastepfurtherShepicksupotherpeople＇sgarbageForexampleMidlerhashelpedremovetruckloadsoftrashfromFortTryonParkinNewYorkCitySuchsimpleeffortsattrashcollectionandreductionarecatchingonLastyeartheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencycounted7500recyclingprogramsintheUSThat＇supfromjust1000programsin1988Almosthalfofthecountry＇spopulationnowlivesintownsandcitieswithcurbsiderecyclingSowe＇reontherighttracktoreducingtrashButwestillhavealongwaytogoIn1994about40%ofpaperproductsandplasticsodabottlesproducedinthiscountrywererecycledButonly2%offoodpackagingwasrecoveredWealsohavetoworkoncreatingmoredemandforrecycledmaterialYoucanhelpbycheckinglabelsandbuyingproductsmadefromrecoveredpaperplasticandmetalRecyclingsavesresourceslikewaterandtreesandcutsdownonairpollutionSowhatareyouwaitingforGettoworktakingcareofour"rock""Ifwedon＇twe＇llallhavetomovetoMars"saysGordonLevitt"Theonlyproblemisthatwedon＇tknowhowtodothatyet"问题Tohelprecyclewastematerialwecandoallofthefollowingexcept
A、creating more demand for recycled material
B、buying products made from recycled paper,plastic and metal
C、collecting uesd things such as paper,plastic and metal
D、using recycled material only in packaging
正确答案:
第8题,Astronomers天文学家cantelljusthowhotthesurfaceofthemoongetsThesideofthemoontowardthesungetstwodegreeshotterthanboilingwater沸水Thenightsidereaches243degreesbelowzero零度Inaneclipse月蚀theearth'sshadowfallsonthemoonThenthemoon'stemperaturemaydrop300degreesinaveryshorttimeAtemperaturechangelikethiscannothappenontheearthWhydoesithappenonthemoonAstronomersthinkthatthesurfaceofthemoonisdustOntheearthrocksstoreheatfromthesunWhenthesungoesdowntherocksstaywarmButthedustofthemooncannotstoreheatSowhenthemoongetsdarktheheatescapesquicklyThemoongetsverycold问题Thesurfaceofthemoonisprobably
A、rock that stores heat
B、dust that stores heat
C、dust that cannot store heat
D、rock that does not store heat
正确答案:
第9题,TwobasicmodelsofparentalinfluenceemergefromallthiscompetitionandvarietyhoweverOnelooselybasedonFreudianideashaspresentedanimageofthevulnerablechildchildrenaresensitivebeingseasilydamagednotonlybytraumaticeventsandemotionalstressbutalsobyoverdosesofaffectionThe2ndmodelisthatofthebehavioristswhoseintellectualancestorstheempiricistphilosophersdescribedthechild'smindasatabularasaorblankslateThebehavioristmodelofchildrearingisbasedontheviewthatthechildismalleableandparentsarethereforecastintheroleofPygmalionswhocanshapetheirchildrenhowevertheywish"Givemeadozenhealthyinfantswellformedandmyownspecifiedworldtobringthemupin"wroteJBWatsonthefatherofmodernbehaviorism"andI'llguaranteetotakeanyoneatrandomandtrainhimtobeanytypeofspecialistImightdoctorlawyerartistmerchantchiefandyesevenbeggarmanandthief"Theimageofthevulnerablechildcallsforgentleparentswhoaresensitivetotheirchild'sinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsinordertoprotecthimfromtraumaTheimageofthemalleablechildrequiresstemparentswhocoollyfollowthedictatesoftheirownexplicittrainingproceduresonlytheearlyeradicationofbadhabitsineatingsleepingcryingcanfendoffpermanentmaladjustments问题Theword"malleable"inparagraphonemeans
A、intelligent
B、powerful
C、adaptable
D、specified
正确答案:
答案来源：（www.daydayup731.com）,WhileIwasworkingasachildpsychologistaprincipalphonedme"I'mbaffled"hesaid"Achildhaswrittenanessaycalled'ThePropertiesoftheNucleus'"Histeachercan'tunderstanditNeithercanI"IwenttotheschoolandmetMarkaneightyearoldwithgingerhairandfrecklesHelookedlikeaveryordinaryboytomeIproceededwiththeintelligencetest"WhatisMars"IaskedMostchildrenhisagesay"Achocolatebar"HedescribedtheplanetindetailHequicklycompletedthetestsincludingamathtestformucholderchildrenThenhelookedatmeasiftosay"Can'tyoucomeupwithsomethingmoredifficult"Ihadseengiftedchildrenbeforebutthisboywas"offthemap"asfarasassessinghisIQwasconcernedMark'sprincipleandarrangedforMarktobetutoredbyascienceteacherButinmanywayshewasjustanormalchildWewantedhimtobesociallyadjustedaswellasintellectuallyoutstandingSowealsoencouragedhimtojointheClubScoutsandwekepthiminclasswithkidsofhisageforthetimebeingIaskedMark'sparentswhattheythoughtofhim"Hecanbeapainintheneck"hismothersaid"Heaskssuchimpossiblequestions"shesmiled"Butwelovehimdearly"ThiswascrucialLiketherestofusgiftedchildrenneedtobelovedHegainedafirstclasshonorsdegreefromCambridgeisnowchairmanofhisowncomputercompanyandishappilymarriedwithtwochildren问题Theauthorandtheprincipalkepttheboyinclasswithkidsofhisownagebecause
A、they didn't intend to pamper the talented boy
B、they thought the boy should learn how to put up with less smart kids
C、they tired to set him up as a model for the class
D、they wanted the boy to be more sociable
正确答案:
第11题,ThehistoryoftheWinterGameshoweverhasbeenevenmoretroubledthanthatoftheSummerGamesUntil1924allthewintersportscompetitionsheldevery4yearsfrom1901to1917andagainin1992hadbeenintheScandinaviancountriesSwedenNorwayandFinlandThesportsmenofthesecountriesbelievedthattheWinterGamescouldonlybeheldintheScandinavianwayCoubertinhimselfwasagainstaseparateWinterOlympicsashefeltthattheywouldcausetroublewithintheOlympicmovementHoweveraswinterholidaysintheAlpsbecamemoreandmorepopularsodidtheideaofatrulyinternationalWinterGamesThefirstWinterOlympicswereheldinChamonixin1924thoughtheywereonlyrecognizedbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteeas"Olympic"twoyearslaterin1926Althoughthereweremanyargumentsbeforethemthe1stGameswereasuccessbuttheproblemsdidnotendthereIn1935itwasdecidedbytheIOCthatskiteacherscouldnotcompeteintheOlympicsbecausetheywereprofessionalsThiscausedabigargumentbetweentheIOCandtheInternationalSkiFederationwhoagreedwiththeskiteachersandasthetwoorganizationscouldcometoanendverysoonaftertheirbeginningHoweverwarcameandwithitanendtothediscussionsWhenthewarwasfinallyovertheWinterGameswerestartedupagainasbeforeinStMoritzin1948andthecrisishadpassed问题Coubertindidn'twanttohaveaseparatewinterOlympicsbecause
A、the winter games could only be held in the Scandinavian way
B、the winter games could only be held in the Scandinavian countries
C、there had been more trouble in the winter games
D、he was worried about the future of the Olympic movement
正确答案:
答案来源：（www.daydayup731.com）,AlthoughAmericancivilizationtookoverandreplacedthefrontieralmostacenturyagotheheritageofthefrontierisstillverymuchaliveintheUStodayTheideaofthefrontierstillstirstheemotionsandimaginationsoftheAmericanpeopleAmericanscontinuetobefascinatedbythefrontierbecauseithasbeenaparticularlyimportantforceinshapingtheirnationalvaluesThefrontierexperiencebeganwhenthefirstcolonistssettledontheeastcoastofthecontinentinthe1600sItendedabout1890whenthelastwesternlandsweresettledTheAmericanfrontierconsistedoftherelativelyunsettledregionsofthecountryHerebothlandandlifeweremoreruggedandprimitivethaninthemoresettledeasternpartAsonefrontierareawassettledpeoplebeganmovingfartherwestintothenextunsettledareaBysettlingonefrontierareaafteranotherAmericansmovedacrossanentirecontinent2700mileswide问题Thefrontierexperiencebegan
A、in the 16th century
B、in the 17th century
C、in the 18th century
D、in the 19th century
正确答案:
第13题,GeorgeAshmoreFitchwasborninSoochowChinain1883thesonofPresbyterianmissionariesGeorgeFandMaryMcLllanFitchAfterreceivinghisBAfromWoosterCollegein1906FitchattendedUnionTheologicalSeminaryinNewYorkHewasmadeapriestin1909andreturnedtoworkinShanghaiWhentheNankingMassacreoccurredFitchwasoneofthewitnessesofthecrimeHequicklybecameactiveinassistingtheInternatinalCommittenfortheNankingSafetyZoneFitch'sdiaryofeventsofNankingwascarriedtoShanghaibythefirstpersonabletoleavetheNankingafteritsoccupationbytheJapaneseonDecember131937AsFitchhaswritten"MystorycreatedasensationinShanghaiforitwasthefirstnewsofwhathadhappenedinthecapitalsinceitsevacuationanditwascopiedandmimeographedandwidelydistributedthere"Fitch'sNankingdiaryhasbeenpublishedpreviouslybuttheversionofhisdiaryavailableintheYalecollectiondiffersslightlyfromthewellpublicizedversionsoexcerptsfromithavebeenincludedinthisvolumeIn1938FitchtraveledthroughouttheUnitedStatesgivingtalksabouttheNankingMassacreandshowingfilmstodocumentitHereturnedtoworkfirstinChinaandtheninKoreaandChina'sTaiwanuntilhisretirementin1961问题Whichofthefollowingisagoodtitleforthepassage
A、George A.Fitch's diary
B、George A.Fitch and China
C、The Yale Version of George A.Fitch's Diary
D、G.A.Fitch and His Diary about the Nanking Massacre
正确答案:
第14题,Hismindhadgrownsuddenlynumbsecondsseemedhours
A、acute
B、insensitive
C、indifferent
D、painful
正确答案:
答案来源：（www.daydayup731.com）,NoonethoughtofanythingevenalittlebitlikethezipperuntilWhitecombLJudsoncamealongTherewerebuttonsandbuttonholeshooksandeyeslacesandbucklesTheyalltookanirritatinglylongtimetodoupespeciallywhenmenworehighlacedbootsandfashionableladiessqueezedthemselvesintolongcorsetsWhitecombLJudson＇sslidefastenerwasanoutoftheblueinventionandnooneknowswhatgavehimtheideaNooneevenknowsmuchabouthimexceptthathewasamechanicalengineerlivinginChicagoandthathepatentedotherinventionstodowithastreetrailwaysystemandmotorcarsJudsoninventedthefirstzippercalledatthetimeaClaspLockerorUnlockerin1891ThisingeniouslittledevicelookssosimpleandtheprinciplebehinditissimpleonerowofhooksandeyesslottingneatlyintoanotherrowbymeansofatabYetittook22yearsmanyimprovementsandanotherinventortomakethezipperreallypractical问题Theword"ingenious"means
A、clever
B、admirable
C、important
D、useful
正确答案:
第16题,NoonethoughtofanythingevenalittlebitlikethezipperuntilWhitecombLJudsoncamealongTherewerebuttonsandbuttonholeshooksandeyeslacesandbucklesTheyalltookanirritatinglylongtimetodoupespeciallywhenmenworehighlacedbootsandfashionableladiessqueezedthemselvesintolongcorsetsWhitecombLJudson＇sslidefastenerwasanoutoftheblueinventionandnooneknowswhatgavehimtheideaNooneevenknowsmuchabouthimexceptthathewasamechanicalengineerlivinginChicagoandthathepatentedotherinventionstodowithastreetrailwaysystemandmotorcarsJudsoninventedthefirstzippercalledatthetimeaClaspLockerorUnlockerin1891ThisingeniouslittledevicelookssosimpleandtheprinciplebehinditissimpleonerowofhooksandeyesslottingneatlyintoanotherrowbymeansofatabYetittook22yearsmanyimprovementsandanotherinventortomakethezipperreallypractical问题Thefirstzipperwasinventedin
A、the end of the 18th century
B、the beginning of the 19th century
C、the end of the 19th century
D、the beginning of the 20th century
正确答案:
第17题,Copper铜wasthefirstmetalthatmanlearnedtomakeInsomemountainouslandstherewererocksstreakedwithgreenmineralsOnedaysomerockswereaccidentallyheatedbyaroaringfireWhenthefireburnedlowlittlebeadsofcopperwereseenontherockwallAfterthatmenheatedtherockdeliberatelytoseewhethermorecopperwouldappearTheysoonfoundagoodwaytomakecopperTheywouldbuildatrenchonahillsideandfillitwithcharcoalandcopperbearingrockTheycoveredthisfurnacewithflatstonesTheystartedawoodfiretoheatthecharcoalandthehotcharcoalreleasedcopperfromtherockAhotredpoolofmeltedmetalformedatthemouthofthetrenchWhenitwascoolthesolidmetalcouldbeliftedoutandcutandpoundedintoshapes问题Menshapedthecopperby
A、melting it
B、pounding it
C、breaking it
D、both b and c
正确答案:
第18题,Astronomers天文学家cantelljusthowhotthesurfaceofthemoongetsThesideofthemoontowardthesungetstwodegreeshotterthanboilingwater沸水Thenightsidereaches243degreesbelowzero零度Inaneclipse月蚀theearth'sshadowfallsonthemoonThenthemoon'stemperaturemaydrop300degreesinaveryshorttimeAtemperaturechangelikethiscannothappenontheearthWhydoesithappenonthemoonAstronomersthinkthatthesurfaceofthemoonisdustOntheearthrocksstoreheatfromthesunWhenthesungoesdowntherocksstaywarmButthedustofthemooncannotstoreheatSowhenthemoongetsdarktheheatescapesquicklyThemoongetsverycold问题Duringaneclipsethemoonis
A、turned away from the sun
B、in the shadow of the sun
C、in the shadow of the earth
D、in direct sunlight
正确答案:
第19题,The12thlunarmonthinChineseiscalledlayuethemonthtoworshipallthedeitiesThe8thdayofthe12thelunarmonthistheLabaFestivalItistreatedasthebeginningoftheChineseholidayseasonAftertheLabaFestivalpeopleenterintothebusypreparationfortheLunarNewYearThemainactivityoftheLabaFestivaliscookingandsharingthespeciallabagruellabazhouMostpeoplebelieveithasacloserelationtoSakyamunitheBuddhaHelefthiscomfortablehomeandsetoffinsearchofthefinalenlightenmentAfterdaysoftravellingwithoutresthecollapsednearariverinnorthernIndiaHewasrevivedbyawanderingshepherdesswhoofferedhimherlunchoffamilyleftoversconsistingofstickycerealglutinousricedateschestnutsandwildfruitAfterconsumingthisrepastSakyamunitookabatchandsatunderatreeformeditationwherehefinallyattainedenlightenmentTheverydaywasthe8thdayofthelastlunarmonthThemealwastheoriginallabagruel问题TheLabaFestivalisbelievedbymanytoberelatedto
A、Confucianism
B、Buddhism
C、Taoism
D、Christianity
正确答案:
答案来源：（www.daydayup731.com）,In1989MelissastartedKidsFACEasanafterschoolclubatherelementaryschoolThesixmembergroupmeteachMondaytowritelettersandplancleanupactivities"Weneverthoughtitwasanythingmorethanagroupofkidscomingtogethersotheycouldtalkabouttheenvironment"saysTrishPoehermotherButthenaletterfromMilissatothe"Today"showgotherclubontelevisionin1990WhenotherkidsheardabouttheclubtheywroteaskinghowtheycouldgetinvoledSoMelissawiththehelpofhermotherwhotodaymanagestheKidsFACEofficeasexecutivedirectordevelopedamembershipbookthatinstructedkidsonenvironmentalprojectsandhowtostartacluboftheirown"IfeltlikeIhadtowritethemallbackatoncebecauseIdidn'tlikewhatthepresidentdidtomeBecauseIdidn'tlikebeingignoredIdidn'twantthekidstohavethesamefeeling"saysMelissaRequestsforinformationcamefromalloverthenationAtfirstMelissa'sparentspaidthepostageandsupplybillsfortheclubbutsoonexpensesbecametoohighSotheclubfoundasponsorWarMartIncwhichbeganunderwritingthebimonthlynewsletterKidsFACEillustratedwhichcurrentlyprovidesenvironmentalupdatessuggestionsandideastomorethan2millionpeopleworldwide问题Morepeoplewantedtojointheclubafter
A、a newspaper interview was made
B、enough letters were distributed
C、they heard about the club from a television show
D、Melissa became an executive director
正确答案:
