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福师《现代语言学》在线作业二【标准答案】
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共50道题 总分：100分
一、单选题(共25题，50分)
1.( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.
A、Functional
B、Lexical
C、Grammatical
D、Performative
2.（） studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Syntax
3.( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A、Nouns
B、Adjectives
C、Verbs
D、Deictics
4.'( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.
A、Loudness
B、Rhythm
C、Tempo
D、Tone
5.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
6.() refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.
A、Synonymy
B、Polysemy
C、Homonymy
D、Antonymy
7.The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A、Noam Chomsky
B、Jacobson
C、Haliday
D、Nida
8.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
9.In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.
A、Node北语答案请进：opzy.net或请联系微信：1095258436
B、Initial node
C、Branching
D、Intermediate node
10.( ）is a concretisation of the biological and sociological aspects of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
11.( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language
A、Phoneme
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Morpheme
12.( ) refers to the speed of speech.
A、Loudness
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Tone
13.( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the one hand and speakers and society on the other.
A、Pragmatics
B、Sociolinguistics
C、Syntax
D、Semantics
14.( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
15.( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Utterance
D、Morpheme
16.（）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
17.( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Utterance
D、Morpheme
18.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
19.'( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.
A、Synonymy
B、Polysemy
C、Homonymy
D、Antonymy
20.The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
A、phonetically
B、phonologically
C、sound
D、seem
21.( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Discourse analysis
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
22.( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Discourse analysis
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
23.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
24.’Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
25.( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and prod uction.
A、Pragmatics
B、Phonology
C、Dialectology
D、Psycholinguistics
二、判断题(共25题，50分)
1.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.
A、错误
B、正确
2.Compared to phonetics, phonology is more concerned with the organisation of speech sounds in relation to the conveyance of meaning.
A、错误
B、正确
3.’Affix hopping refers to the bound morphemes in the verb group hop backward to join the following member in the verb group .
A、错误
B、正确
4.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word .
A、错误
B、正确
5.The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
6.When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination.
A、错误
B、正确
7.’Cohesionrefers to the linguistic property of units larger than the morpheme to bind together in construction, or the relations of meaning that exist within the text and that define it as a text.
A、错误
B、正确
8.Utterance meaning includes not only the relevant sentential meaning(s) but also various meanings determined by the contexts where the utterance takes place.
A、错误
B、正确
9.’There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.
A、错误
B、正确
10.Diachronic linguistics focuses on a particular phase in its development.
A、错误
B、正确
11.’Field theory suggests that lexical meanings are not exclusive and mutually independent.
A、错误
B、正确
12.Constituents are only structurally related.
A、错误
B、正确
13.’The implementation of lexical insertion rules need to be subject to no restrictions.
A、错误
B、正确
14.’Language is entirely arbitrary.
A、错误
B、正确
15.Discourse analysis is more concerned with conventional implicatures than conversational ones.
A、错误
B、正确
16.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity are relatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.
A、错误
B、正确
17.Stress may play different functions in different languages.
A、错误
B、正确
18.’Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes.
A、错误
B、正确
19.Langue is the language system that speakers of the language conform to in their verbal communication.
A、错误
B、正确
20.At the sentential level, the comprehension of a sentence is realised through extracting the syntactic and semantic information of the sentence, interpreting the sentential meaning in the light of its contexts, and retaining some or all of the interpr
A、错误
B、正确
21.’Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
A、错误
B、正确
22.Grammatical morpheme must be a bound morpheme.
A、错误
B、正确
23.Diphthong is treated as two vowels .
A、错误
B、正确
24.Phonemics intends to find out the sound system functioning in individual languages .
A、错误
B、正确
25.’Utterance meaning is context-independent
A、错误
B、正确
致谢
年度，政府补贴金额高达88,111,854.90元，而利息产生的收入达到47,151,527.79元，而其中的财政补贴，对云南锡业而言相当重要，是营业外收入之中的主要来源之一。但受政府减弱了财政支持力度之后，对这三家公司而言，其营业外收入占比呈现大幅度下滑。营业外收入占比较高，企业过度依赖于不稳定、不可持续的收益，也会对利润质量产生影响。
图3.5 营业外收入占比对比图
数据来源：根据东方财富云南锡业2016～2020年报整理得出
（3）投资收益占比
投资收益占比，意旨投资收益与利润总额的占比，而投资收益是所有对外投资产生的利润减去其中投资产生损失的部分得出的一个净收益值，而其中利润大多以股利、投资利润以及债券利息等收入为主。
从图3.6可以看出，云南铜业的投资收益占比变化幅度最大，云南锡业和云南铝业的变化相对平稳。云南锡业近些年加大了投资活动，包括购买理财产品、股权投资、收购子公司等。2019年，云南锡业出资954,735.75 万元收购云南华联锌铟股份有限公司9.76%股权；2020年，又以6,190.25 万元收购个旧云锡双井实业有限责任公司100%股权。相较之下，2016年投资收益为负，其主要原因报告期内期货交仓、非高度有效套保平仓损益。
致谢
图3.6 投资收益占比对比图
数据来源：根据东方财富云南锡业2016～2020年报整理得出
通过对反映利润稳定性的三个指标的分析比较，可以看出，云南锡业利润稳定性的三个指标值均处于3个公司的中间水平。所以，云南锡业应当将资源主要放在核心业务，挖掘核心业务的发展潜力，改善利润结构，提升市场竞争力，从而使得利润可以持续稳定的增长。
3.3.4 成长性
表3-4 成长性相关指标
主营业务收入增长率（%）
净利润增长率（%）
总资产增长率（%）
年份
云南
锡业
云南
铝业
云南
铜业
云南
锡业
云南
铝业
云南
铜业
云南
锡业
云南
铝业
云南
铜业
2016
7.56
-1.83
4.47
-113.70
-147.53
171.40
3.08
9.12
-1.12
2017
2.93
42.22
-3.68
268.35
243.86
113.42
7.46
12.3
38.31
2018
15.08
-1.99
-16.80
25.91
-343.65
7.93
12.05
4.57
16.88
2019
8.31
11.94
33.44
-1.60
-131.23
142.67
2.66
5.49
12.94
2020
4.45
-60.58
39.42
-22.57
126.34
-16.56
6.60
3.64
-5.32
数据来源：东方财富
致谢
三家公司成长性指标情况如表 3-4所示，总体来看，云南锡业的各项数据虽有波动变化，但增减幅度相对较小，从成长性这方面来说，云南锡业维持成长发展的能力要比另外两家公司更加稳定。
（1）主营业务增长率
公司关于相关产品的生命周期进行评价或衡量的方法，以分析其主营业务收入的增长率为主，也可进一步判断或分析出其发展阶段。常规情况下，主营业务增长率分为大致三种不同阶段，第一个阶段，增长率小于5%时，可以知晓该公司在主营产品方面已然进入了一个衰退期，其创收带来的利润月越来越少。第二阶段为5%到10%之间，说明公司产品进入成熟期，公司产品在市场中有一定的占有率，但为防止脱离市场需求，需开始着手研发新产品。第三阶段为10%以上，说明公司产品处于成长期，公司将有良好的发展势头。
图3.7 主营业务增长率对比图
数据来源：根据东方财富云南锡业2016～2020年报整理得出
